10+ 電池 の 歴史 年 表 Article
Introduction
Batteries are an essential part of our daily lives. From powering our mobile devices to driving electric cars, batteries have become an integral part of our modern world. But, did you know that the history of batteries dates back to over 2,000 years ago? In this article, we will take a look at the timeline of the history of batteries and how they have evolved over time.
Ancient Times
The earliest known battery-like devices were found in Iraq and date back to 250 BC. These primitive batteries, known as the Baghdad Battery, were made of clay jars, copper sheets, and iron rods. It is believed that they were used for electroplating or electrotherapy.
It wasn't until the 18th century when the first true battery was invented by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta. He created the voltaic pile, which was made of alternating zinc and copper discs separated by cardboard soaked in saltwater. This invention paved the way for modern batteries as we know them today.
19th Century
In the 1800s, batteries became more common and were used for various purposes, such as in telegraphs and electric motors. In 1866, French engineer Georges Leclanché invented the Leclanché cell, which used a zinc anode, a manganese dioxide cathode, and an electrolyte of ammonium chloride. This cell was widely used in early telegraphs and doorbells.
In the late 1800s, Thomas Edison invented the nickel-iron battery, which was used in electric vehicles and submarines. This battery was more durable and long-lasting than previous batteries, making it a significant improvement.
20th Century
The 20th century saw a significant increase in the use of batteries, especially with the advent of portable electronics. In 1901, the first dry cell battery was invented by Carl Gassner, which used a paste electrolyte instead of a liquid. This made the battery more portable and less prone to leaks.
During World War II, the development of portable radios and other electronics led to the creation of smaller, more powerful batteries. In the 1950s, the first rechargeable battery was invented by Waldemar Jungner, which used a nickel-cadmium chemistry.
21st Century
In the 21st century, batteries have become even more critical with the rise of electric cars and renewable energy sources. Lithium-ion batteries, which were first developed in the 1980s, have become the standard for portable electronics and electric vehicles.
Researchers are continuing to develop new battery technologies, such as solid-state batteries and flow batteries, which could improve battery performance and safety.
Conclusion
The history of batteries is a fascinating journey that spans over two millennia. From primitive clay jars to modern lithium-ion batteries, batteries have come a long way and have become an essential part of our lives. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more exciting developments in battery technology in the years to come.
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